Human papillomavirus infection is a viral infection that spreads from person to person primarily through sexual contact.

There are more than 100 types of papillomaviruses, and at least 14 types of HPV are high risk and can cause various types of cancer, such as:

• Cervical cancer, the most common cancer for women after breast cancer
• Rectal cancer
• Vaginal and vulvar cancer
• Head and neck cancer, in both women and men
• Cancer of the tongue, tonsils and throat

HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. In Estonia, the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer are one of the highest in Europe. HPV infection may occur without causing any noticeable issues or symptoms, therefore regular testing is required.

The gynaecologists of Valvekliinik perform HPV- and PAP-testing: 

• PAP analysis can be used to assess possible changes in the cervix.
• PAP cytology with HPV analysis allows assessment of cervical cell status and possible cellular changes. In addition, the cervix is checked for the virus.

How to protect yourself against HPV infection?

Using a condom does not completely protect against the spread of HPV, as HPV can also be present on the surrounding skin that is not protected by a condom. The best possible protection against HPV infection is to vaccinate. We offer Gardasil vaccines in Valvekliinik.